Educational exam prep, not medical advice. This page teaches what certification exams test. Follow your facility’s policies, your supervising clinician and the manufacturer’s instructions in practice. If you are a patient with a health question, talk to your clinician or see MedlinePlus.
Adult reference ranges (resting)
| Vital sign | Typical adult range |
|---|---|
| Pulse | 60-100 beats per minute |
| Respirations | 12-20 breaths per minute |
| Oral temperature | About 97.8-99.1 F (36.5-37.3 C); varies by site and person |
| SpO2 | About 95-100% on room air |
AHA blood pressure categories (adults)
| Category | Systolic | Diastolic | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | Less than 120 | and | Less than 80 |
| Elevated | 120-129 | and | Less than 80 |
| Stage 1 hypertension | 130-139 | or | 80-89 |
| Stage 2 hypertension | 140 or higher | or | 90 or higher |
| Severe (call the provider) | Higher than 180 | and/or | Higher than 120 |
Technique errors that change readings
- Cuff too small reads falsely high; too large reads falsely low.
- Patient talking, legs crossed or arm unsupported raises BP.
- Count respirations without telling the patient - awareness changes breathing.
- Take an apical pulse for a full minute when the rhythm is irregular.
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Frequently asked questions
What is a normal blood pressure?
Under 120 systolic and under 80 diastolic, per AHA categories.
What is a normal adult pulse?
60-100 beats per minute at rest.
What happens if the BP cuff is too small?
The reading is falsely high.
Sources
- American Heart Association - Understanding Blood Pressure Readings (accessed 2026-09-23)
- NHA - CCMA Test Plan (2022 job analysis) (accessed 2026-09-23)
- MedlinePlus - Vital signs (accessed 2026-09-23)